LGBTI equality and human rights in Europe and Central Asia

Annual Review 2022

ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred in Europe and Central Asia between January-December 2021. 

The Annual Review is ILGA-Europe’s annual publication documenting legal, political and social developments in 54 countries and 4 European institutions over the past calendar year. It is a unique report tracking key positive and negative trends in relation to LGBTI equality and human rights in Europe and Central Asia. Click here to download the full report.

This year’s review finds that behind the smokescreen of anti-LGBTI rhetoric in Europe, there’s a groundswell of allied determination to tackle hatred. Read more on our press release.


Full report


Country reviews

Highlights, Key Developments and Trends

There are two sides to the story that clearly emerges from this, our 11th  Annual  Review  of  the Human Rights Situation for LGBTI people in Europe and Central Asia. On one hand, there was  a  severe rise in 2021 of anti-LGBTI rhetoric from politicians and other leaders, which has  fuelled a wave of violence,  with anti-LGBTI  hate  crime  reported  in  every country this year, while on  the other  the response  to this  has been  an allied determination  in  many countries,  and at the European level,  to tackle hatred and exclusion of LGBTI people. Read the highlight, key developments and trends.

Albania

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Albania covering the period of January to December 2021

Andorra

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Andorra covering the period of January to December 2021

Armenia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Armenia covering the period of January to December 2021

Austria

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Austria covering the period of January to December 2021

Azerbaijan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Azerbaijan covering the period of January to December 2021

Belarus

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Belarus covering the period of January to December 2021

Belgium

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Belgium covering the period of January to December 2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Bosnia and Herzegovina covering the period of January to December 2021

Bulgaria

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Bulgaria covering the period of January to December 2021

Croatia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Croatia covering the period of January to December 2021

Cyprus

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Cyprus covering the period of January to December 2021

Czechia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Czechia covering the period of January to December 2021

Denmark

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Denmark covering the period of January to December 2021

Estonia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Estonia covering the period of January to December 2021

Finland

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Finland covering the period of January to December 2021

France

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in France covering the period of January to December 2021

Georgia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Georgia covering the period of January to December 2021

Germany

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Germany covering the period of January to December 2021

Greece

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Greece covering the period of January to December 2021

Hungary

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Hungary covering the period of January to December 2021

Iceland

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Iceland covering the period of January to December 2021

Ireland

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Ireland covering the period of January to December 2021

Italy

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Italy covering the period of January to December 2021

Kazakhstan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Kazakhstan covering the period of January to December 2021

Kosovo*

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Kosovocovering the period of January to December 2021

Kyrgyzstan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Kyrgyzstan covering the period of January to December 2021

Latvia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Latvia covering the period of January to December 2021

Liechtenstein

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Liechtenstein covering the period of January to December 2021

Lithuania

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Lithuania covering the period of January to December 2021

Luxembourg

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Luxembourg covering the period of January to December 2021

Malta

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Malta covering the period of January to December 2021

Moldova

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Moldova covering the period of January to December 2021

Monaco

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Monaco covering the period of January to December 2021

Montenegro

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Montenegro covering the period of January to December 2021

Netherlands

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in the Netherlands covering the period of January to December 2021

North Macedonia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in North Macedonia covering the period of January to December 2021

Norway

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Norway covering the period of January to December 2021

Poland

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Poland covering the period of January to December 2021

Portugal

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Portugal covering the period of January to December 2021

Romania

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Romania covering the period of January to December 2021

Russia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Russia covering the period of January to December 2021

San Marino

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in San Marino covering the period of January to December 2021

Serbia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Serbia covering the period of January to December 2021

Slovakia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Slovakia covering the period of January to December 2021

Slovenia

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Slovenia covering the period of January to December 2021

Spain

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Spain covering the period of January to December 2021

Sweden

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Sweden covering the period of January to December 2021

Switzerland

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Switzerland covering the period of January to December 2021

Tajikistan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Tajikistan covering the period of January to December 2021

Turkey

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Turkey covering the period of January to December 2021

Turkmenistan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Turkmenistan covering the period of January to December 2021

United Kingdom

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in United Kingdom covering the period of January to December 2021

Ukraine

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Ukraine covering the period of January to December 2021

Uzbekistan

Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex People in Uzbekistan covering the period of January to December 2021


Institutional reviews

United Nations

Annual Review of United Nations covering the period of January to December 2021

Council of Europe

Annual Review of Council of Europe covering the period of January to December 2021​

European Union

Annual Review of European Union covering the period of January to December 2021​

Organization for Security and Cooperation and in Europe

Annual Review of Organization for Security and Cooperation and in Europe covering the period of January to December 2021



Errata and corrigenda:

  • On page 8, Overview and Trends chapter, it is stated that intersex activists were not consulted about an amendment on a proposal to ban intersex genital mutilation. This is inaccurate. The French government did consult some intersex activists from OII France.
  • On page 55, Estonia chapter, subsection Family, it is stated that "The Committee clarified that marriage is equally guaranteed for all 'able-bodied persons' who have no legal obstacles to marriage." Due to an error of translation this sentence is not correct. The sentence should say "The Committee clarified that marriage is equally guaranteed for 'all those able to marry' who have no legal obstacles to marriage."
  • On page 149, United Kingdom's chapter, subsection Bodility Integrity, Mermaids is attributed the publishing of the Gender Identity 'Conversion Therapy' report. Ozanne Foundation lead the work and Mermaids was one of the organisations among others that worked on the report.

 

Previous editions:

ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred in Europe and Central Asia between January-December 2020

ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred in Europe and Central Asia between January-December 2019

This edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covers events that occurred between January-December 2018. 

This edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covers events that occurred between January-December 2017. 

The sixth edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred between January-December 2016. 

The fifth edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred between January-December 2015. 

ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred between January-December 2014.

This edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covers events that occurred between January-December 2013.

This edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covers events that occurred between January-December 2012.

The very first edition of ILGA-Europe’s Annual Review of the Human Rights Situation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex People covering events that occurred between January-December 2011.